{"id":10391,"date":"2025-04-30T10:01:32","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T09:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/?p=10391"},"modified":"2025-04-30T16:05:38","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T15:05:38","slug":"vers-une-finance-carbone-plus-inclusive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/vers-une-finance-carbone-plus-inclusive\/","title":{"rendered":"Vers une finance carbone plus inclusive?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de favoriser l\u2019\u00e9mergence de syst\u00e8mes \u00e9conomiques non seulement responsables et r\u00e9silients, mais \u00e9galement r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs pour l\u2019environnement comme pour le tissu social, constitue une piste de plus en plus incontournable. Cela requiert d\u2019adopter une approche multi-dimensionnelle, en travaillant sur diff\u00e9rentes dimensions d\u2019impact \u00e0 la fois, mais \u00e9galement de r\u00e9unir des parties prenantes d\u2019horizons divers \u2013 public, priv\u00e9, investisseurs &amp; soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile \u2013 autour d\u2019objectifs communs permettant la valorisation des externalit\u00e9s.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement publi\u00e9 sur le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.convergences.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Barometre-de-la-Finance-a-Impact-2022_FR_VF-min.pdf\">blog Convergences ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-l-agriculture-regeneratrice-et-la-finance-carbone-une-illustration\">L&rsquo;agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice et la finance carbone : une illustration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce cadre, l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice appara\u00eet comme une des solutions les plus prometteuses et concr\u00e8tes pour la transition \u00e9cologique et sociale :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 le secteur agricole et forestier repr\u00e9sente <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/global-greenhouse-gas-overview\">24% des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) mondiaux<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 l\u2019adaptation \u00e0 ces d\u00e9r\u00e8glements climatiques n\u00e9cessite de remodeler les \u00e9quilibres des exploitations ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 l\u2019\u00e9puisement des sols engendre une baisse des rendements sur les terres exploit\u00e9es ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 nous nous dirigeons vers un monde \u00e0 9 \u00e0 10 milliards d\u2019\u00eatres humains ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 l\u2019\u00e9volution de la production agricole doit inclure la question de la d\u00e9forestation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 les populations agricoles sont globalement en vieillissement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 et peinent \u00e0 se renouveler ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 l\u2019inclusion sociale des femmes et des jeunes demeure un d\u00e9fi majeur pour conserver les jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations en zone rurale ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 78 % des personnes les plus pauvres vivent et travaillent dans les zones rurales et d\u00e9pendent principalement des activit\u00e9s agricoles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autant d&rsquo;indicateurs essentiels qui encouragent \u00e0 favoriser l&rsquo;utilisation des terres existantes et la restauration des sols, pour permettre une meilleure sant\u00e9 environnementale comme des perspectives d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s plus \u00e9quitables. Pourtant, l\u2019adoption de l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice reste bloqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019heure du passage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle, notamment au premier kilom\u00e8tre des cha\u00eenes de valeur agricoles, au niveau des petits fermiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-l-explosion-attendue-des-marches-carbone-volontaires\">L\u2019explosion attendue des march\u00e9s carbone volontaires<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, les march\u00e9s carbone (VCM \u2013 Voluntary Carbon Markets) dits volontaires rentrent dans une d\u00e9cennie prometteuse quoique probablement agit\u00e9e. Le segment AFOLU (Agriculture, Foresterie) continuera \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter une partie significative des programmes carbone mais devra de plus en plus int\u00e9grer les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement fragment\u00e9es o\u00f9 interviennent des centaines de millions de petits agricult\u00b7eur\u00b7rice\u00b7s. Les anticipations d\u2019\u00e9volution du march\u00e9 global vont ainsi de 30 \u00e0 150 milliards dans la d\u00e9cennie, alors que pour la premi\u00e8re fois le milliard de dollars \u00e9tait atteint en 2021\u2026 Autant dire qu\u2019il est vraisemblable qu\u2019une certaine confusion s\u2019installe. Le seul moyen d\u2019\u00e9viter les accusations de green ou SDG washing, les cr\u00e9dits ainsi g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s s\u2019apparentant \u00e0 des indulgences, sera d\u2019\u00e9tablir la solidit\u00e9 de l\u2019impact social apport\u00e9 ainsi que la r\u00e9elle additionnalit\u00e9 des d\u00e9marches mises en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"885\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2025\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-04-29-101232.jpg\" alt=\"Vers une finance carbone plus inclusive? Solutions pour surmonter les obstacles des march\u00e9s carbone et valoriser les externalit\u00e9s via le digital et le partage de valeur\" class=\"wp-image-10394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2025\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-04-29-101232.jpg 885w, https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2025\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-04-29-101232-800x240.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2025\/04\/Capture-decran-2025-04-29-101232-768x230.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 885px) 100vw, 885px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-la-transition-juste-un-imperatif\">La transition juste, un imp\u00e9ratif<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En effet, la transition environnementale ne pourra prendre corps que si elle s\u2019inscrit dans un cadre de justice sociale. Il n\u2019y aura pas de transition climatique possible si elle n\u2019est pas juste. Ainsi, l\u2019inclusion des petits fermiers dans ce d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 venir de la finance carbone est un imp\u00e9ratif, tout autant pour des raisons d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 que d\u2019acceptabilit\u00e9. Devant le manque de terres et au regard de ces objectifs d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9, les actions sur les exploitations existantes pour favoriser les changements de pratique et l\u2019adoption de l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice peuvent s\u2019appuyer sur l\u2019essor anticip\u00e9 des march\u00e9s carbone volontaires. Ceux-ci permettent de trouver des financements additionnels tout en fournissant un impact environnemental r\u00e9el et une redistribution de valeur. Par ailleurs, c\u2019est \u00e9galement une opportunit\u00e9 pour inscrire dans le temps les projets de d\u00e9veloppement, en leur donnant des moyens de perdurer et de s\u2019autofinancer pour profiter \u00e0 plein de leurs efforts de mise en place, au moyen des march\u00e9s de compensation. Tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments constituent autant d\u2019excellentes raisons pour inclure de plus en plus les petites exploitations dans les projets de finance carbone, notamment dans les pays \u00e9mergents et en d\u00e9veloppement, et favoriser la transition vers l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-de-nombreux-obstacles-que-les-solutions-digitales-peuvent-aider-a-franchir\"><strong>De nombreux obstacles\u2026 que les solutions digitales peuvent aider \u00e0 franchir<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais les barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res et op\u00e9rationnelles sont nombreuses face \u00e0 ce besoin :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Prix de la Tonne Equivalent Carbone longtemps an\u00e9mique ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour la qualification et le monitoring des cr\u00e9dits comme pour les transactions ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Incertitude des niveaux d\u2019\u00e9mission ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Surtout, difficult\u00e9 d\u2019induire des changements de pratiques et d\u2019inscrire dans la dur\u00e9e la participation des petits fermiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00e8s lors il faut penser les sch\u00e9mas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle, \u00e0 deux niveaux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Validation, monitoring et \u00e9mission des cr\u00e9dits : les analyses combinant diff\u00e9rentes sources de donn\u00e9es, terrain et satellite par exemple, les approches de data science d\u2019identification et traitement des donn\u00e9es anormales (outlier spotting, redundancies, sampling, etc.) permettent de traiter des \u00e9chantillons importants en croisant avec des approches terrain ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Partage de la valeur cr\u00e9\u00e9e avec les fermiers et parties prenantes, en num\u00e9raire et en nature. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En \u00e9largissant le d\u00e9bat, ceci pourrait plus largement faire avancer l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation des m\u00e9canismes de valorisation des <a href=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/impact-measurement-is-a-societal-political-stake\/\">externalit\u00e9s<\/a> (comme les march\u00e9s carbone volontaires en sont un exemple typique), dans des coalitions multi-parties prenantes ou au travers d\u2019Impact bonds : au niveau social, comme les actions d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 hommes-femmes, ou environnemental, autour de la biodiversit\u00e9 par exemple. La robustesse des d\u00e9marches d\u2019impact constituera en effet le plus s\u00fbr ciment des coalitions multi-parties prenantes n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de mod\u00e8les d\u2019\u00e9conomie r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratricepour toutes les parties prenantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Illustration Freepik<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solutions pour surmonter les obstacles des march\u00e9s carbone et valoriser les externalit\u00e9s via le digital et le partage de valeur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":10397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2696,20],"tags":[136,406,2900,142,147],"class_list":["post-10391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-finance-durable-esg","category-rse","tag-competitivite","tag-esg","tag-esg-impact-investing","tag-externalites","tag-partie-prenante"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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