{"id":6364,"date":"2022-04-01T18:36:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T17:36:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/?p=6364"},"modified":"2024-12-17T23:23:54","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T22:23:54","slug":"ictforag-solutions-digitales-et-carbone-pour-lagriculture-du-sud","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/ictforag-solutions-digitales-et-carbone-pour-lagriculture-du-sud\/","title":{"rendered":"ICTforAg: Solutions digitales et carbone pour l&rsquo;agriculture du Sud"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-propos-liminaire-nbsp\">Propos liminaire&nbsp;:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en introduction d\u2019une session co-organis\u00e9e par GIZ et Ksapa \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence internationale <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ictforag.com\/\">ICTforAG<\/a> (Informations &amp; Communication Technologies for Agriculture, soutenue par les gouvernements am\u00e9ricain &amp; allemand au travers d\u2019US AID \/ Feed the Future &amp; GIZ)<strong><em>&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;Leveraging digital solutions &amp; carbon finance: A game changer to engage smallholders in the transition towards regenerative agriculture&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Retrouvez le replay<a href=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/eventbrite-event\/webinar-ictforag-2022-leveraging-digital-solutions-carbon-finance-a-game-changer\/\"> ici&nbsp;<\/a>et les passionnantes interventions des diff\u00e9rents intervenants suivants&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dr. Lakshman Rodrigo, Director, Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Johannes M\u00f6ssinger, Unique Landuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dr. Mio Oka, Director, Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture Division, South Asia Department &#8211; Asian Development Bank (ADB)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Margreet Muizebelt, Founder &amp; Financial Specialist, Acorn Rabobank<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Christian Chateauvieux, Director of Digital Solutions, Ksapa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dr. Christina Tewes-Gradl, Managing Director, Endeva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frank Sloot, Co-Founder, ESTI-impact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Michael Anthony, Co-Founder, Earth Analytics India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raphael Hara, Managing Director, Ksapa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">***<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de favoriser l\u2019\u00e9mergence de syst\u00e8mes \u00e9conomiques non seulement responsables et r\u00e9silients &#8211; mais \u00e9galement r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs pour l\u2019environnement comme pour le tissu social &#8211; constitue une piste de plus en plus incontournable au regard des enjeux auxquels nous faisons face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, une piste prometteuse<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce cadre, l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice appara\u00eet comme une des solutions les plus prometteuses et concr\u00e8tes pour la transition \u00e9cologique et sociale, et ce pour plusieurs raisons&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des d\u00e9r\u00e8glements climatiques engage \u00e0 repenser le r\u00f4le de l\u2019agriculture dans la s\u00e9questration de carbone et l\u2019\u00e9vitement de l\u2019\u00e9mission de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre alors que le secteur agricole et forestier\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">repr\u00e9sente 24%<\/a>\u00a0des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre mondiaux<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019adaptation \u00e0 ces d\u00e9r\u00e8glements climatiques n\u00e9cessite de remodeler les \u00e9quilibres des exploitations et d\u2019en am\u00e9liorer la r\u00e9silience<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9puisement des sols engendre une baisse des rendements sur les terres exploit\u00e9es,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Or l\u2019augmentation pr\u00e9visible de la population mondiale \u00e0 9 \u00e0 10 milliards rend n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019inverser ce mouvement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u2019autant qu\u2019il est imp\u00e9ratif que l\u2019\u00e9volution de la production agricole \u00e9vite d\u2019engendre une accentuation de la d\u00e9forestation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les populations agricoles sont globalement en vieillissement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 et peinent \u00e0 se renouveler, et l\u2019inclusion sociale des femmes et des jeunes est un d\u00e9fi majeur<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>78% des personnes les plus pauvres vivent et travaillent dans les zones rurales et sont principalement d\u00e9pendant des activit\u00e9s agricoles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019action sociale et la perspective de meilleures conditions de vie et de travail sera cl\u00e9 pour conserver les jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations en zone rurale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"605\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6366\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autant de raisons essentielles visant \u00e0 favoriser la meilleure utilisation des terres existantes, la restauration des sols et l\u2019introduction de pratiques permettant une meilleure sant\u00e9 environnementale comme des perspectives d\u2019activit\u00e9s plus efficaces et \u00e9quitables\u2026 rendant la piste de l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice d\u2019autant plus pertinente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourtant, l\u2019adoption de l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice reste bloqu\u00e9e au stade du passage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle et notamment semble peiner \u00e0 s\u2019implanter au premier niveau des cha\u00eenes de valeur agricoles, au niveau des petits fermiers. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u2019explosion attendue des march\u00e9s carbone volontaires<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, les march\u00e9s carbone (VCM \u2013 Voluntary Carbon Markets) dits volontaire rentrent dans une d\u00e9cennie prometteuse quoique probablement agit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les anticipations d\u2019\u00e9volution du march\u00e9 global vont ainsi de 50 \u00e0 150 milliards dans 10 ans, pour un march\u00e9 ayant atteint pour la premi\u00e8re fois le milliard de dollars en 2021&#8230; S\u2019ils sont n\u00e9cessairement corr\u00e9l\u00e9s aux march\u00e9s carbone r\u00e8glement\u00e9s, ils en demeurent toutefois autonomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autant dire qu\u2019il est vraisemblable qu\u2019une certaine confusion s\u2019installe. Le seul moyen d\u2019\u00e9viter les accusations de green ou SDG washing sera d\u2019\u00e9tablir la solidit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9marche dans l\u2019impact social apport\u00e9 ainsi que la r\u00e9elle additionalit\u00e9 des d\u00e9marches mises en oeuvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le segment AFOLU (Agriculture, Foresterie) continuera \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter une partie significative des programmes carbone mais devra de plus en plus int\u00e9grer les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement fragment\u00e9es o\u00f9 interviennent des centaines de millions de petits fermiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"639\" src=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture2.png 1386w, https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture2-800x369.png 800w, https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture2-768x354.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La transition juste, un imp\u00e9ratif<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En effet, la transition environnementale ne pourra prendre corps que si elle s\u2019inscrit dans un cadre de justice sociale. &nbsp;Il n\u2019y aura pas de transition climatique possible si elle n\u2019est pas juste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, l\u2019inclusion des petits fermiers dans ce d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 venir de la finance carbone est un imp\u00e9ratif, tout autant pour des raisons d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 que d\u2019acceptabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce cadre, il est imp\u00e9ratif de compl\u00e9ter le d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux projets et de concentrer \u00e9galement l\u2019action sur les exploitations existantes, pour favoriser les changements de pratique et l\u2019adoption de l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, et profiter de l\u2019essor anticip\u00e9 des march\u00e9s carbone volontaires pour en augmenter la surface tout en apportant impact environnemental r\u00e9el et redistribution de valeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par ailleurs, c\u2019est \u00e9galement une opportunit\u00e9 pour inscrire dans le temps les projets de d\u00e9veloppement, en leur donnant des moyens de perdurer et de s\u2019autofinancer pour profiter \u00e0 plein de leurs efforts de mise en place, m\u00eame en cas de non-renouvellement ou de diminution de leurs cr\u00e9dits de fonctionnement, ceci au moyen des march\u00e9s de compensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments constituent autant d\u2019excellentes raisons pour que les tentatives d\u2019inclure de plus en plus les petites exploitations dans les projets de la finance carbone puissent inclure les petites exploitations, notamment dans les pays \u00e9mergents et en d\u00e9veloppement, et favoriser la transition vers l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>De nombreux obstacles \u2026 que les solutions digitales peuvent aider \u00e0 franchir<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais les barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res et op\u00e9rationnelles sont nombreuses&nbsp;face \u00e0 ce besoin :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prix de la Tonne Equivalent Carbone longtemps an\u00e9mique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour la qualification et le monitoring des cr\u00e9dits comme pour les transactions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Incertitude des niveaux d\u2019\u00e9mission<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficult\u00e9 d\u2019induire des changements de pratiques et d\u2019inscrire dans la dur\u00e9e la participation des petits fermiers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"605\" height=\"282\" src=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6368\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce cadre, les solutions digitales doivent permettre, en couplant solutions avanc\u00e9es, low tech et science des donn\u00e9es, de rendre abordables et efficients l\u2019organisation et le pilotage de ces programmes carbone \u00e0 fort impact social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il y a notamment trois niveaux de technologie permettant d\u2019assurer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des dispositifs mais \u00e9galement leur \u00e9quit\u00e9&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Validation, monitoring et \u00e9mission des cr\u00e9dits\u00a0:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>E-learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capteurs &amp; technologies IoT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traitement satellite &amp; donn\u00e9es geolocalis\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collecte de donn\u00e9es<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approche de data science\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Traitement des donn\u00e9es anormales (outlier spotting)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le et gestion des risques de donn\u00e9es incorrectes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Croisement avec sources externes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e9rifications de coh\u00e9rence via des redondances et mise en perspective par rapport aux \u00e9chantillons comparables, voire \u00e0 l\u2019historique de d\u00e9claration (filtres de Kalman)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restitution des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices li\u00e9s aux cr\u00e9dits carbone g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>R\u00e9mun\u00e9ration en num\u00e9raire\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mobile money<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Au travers d\u2019investissements partag\u00e9s au niveau des coop\u00e9ratives ou communaut\u00e9s de fermiers (ex\u00a0: smart storage, drones, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00e9mun\u00e9ration en nature\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Syst\u00e8mes de token pour acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des produits (ex\u00a0: intrants ou outils) ou services (ex\u00a0: abonnement mobile, formation, micro-assurance, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Programmes \u00e0 destination des communaut\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces technologies sont \u00e0 combiner et \u00e0 adapter au cas par cas. Ainsi elles peuvent modifier significativement les obstacles financiers et op\u00e9rationnels au d\u00e9veloppement de march\u00e9s carbone plus inclusifs comme \u00e0 la transition vers l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"702\" src=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture4.png 1386w, https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture4-790x400.png 790w, https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2022\/04\/Picture4-768x389.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En \u00e9largissant le d\u00e9bat, ceci pourrait plus largement faire avancer l\u2019op\u00e9rationnalisation des m\u00e9canismes de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/impact-measurement-is-a-societal-political-stake\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">valorisation des externalit\u00e9s<\/a>&nbsp;(comme les march\u00e9s carbone volontaires en sont un exemple typique), dans des coalitions multi-parties prenantes ou au travers d\u2019Impact bonds&nbsp;: au niveau social, comme les actions d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 hommes-femmes, ou environnemental, autour de la biodiversit\u00e9 par exemple.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;adoption de l\u2019agriculture r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice reste bloqu\u00e9e au stade du passage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle. Le digital et la finance carbone apportent des solutions explor\u00e9es dans cet article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":6365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2683,215,154,2697,2914],"tags":[2843,2928,2814,402,149],"class_list":["post-6364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-changement-climatique","category-impact","category-inclusion","category-paysans-du-sud","category-transition-energetique","tag-blended-finance","tag-decarbonisation","tag-finance","tag-supply-chain","tag-technologies"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ICTforAg: Solutions digitales et carbone pour l&#039;agriculture du Sud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez comment le num\u00e9rique et la finance carbone 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