{"id":9129,"date":"2024-11-24T23:27:46","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T22:27:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/?p=9129"},"modified":"2024-12-13T19:09:06","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T18:09:06","slug":"cop29-bakou-bilan-des-decisions-cles-sur-le-climat-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/cop29-bakou-bilan-des-decisions-cles-sur-le-climat-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"COP29 : R\u00e9sultats cl\u00e9s, r\u00e8gles des march\u00e9s du carbone et d\u00e9fis climatiques"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La COP29 a abouti \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats controvers\u00e9s, mettant en lumi\u00e8re la complexit\u00e9 de la diplomatie climatique mondiale. Parmi les avanc\u00e9es majeures figure la finalisation de l&rsquo;Article 6 de l&rsquo;Accord de Paris, un cadre cl\u00e9 r\u00e9gissant les march\u00e9s internationaux du carbone. Bien que salu\u00e9 comme un tournant pour la coop\u00e9ration internationale, ce m\u00e9canisme soul\u00e8ve des pr\u00e9occupations quant aux pi\u00e8ges potentiels des march\u00e9s du carbone dans leur forme actuelle. Ces d\u00e9veloppements, accompagn\u00e9s de d\u00e9bats persistants sur le financement climatique et la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, soulignent l&rsquo;urgence d&rsquo;une action climatique audacieuse, \u00e9quitable et contraignante. Revue des r\u00e9sultats marquants de la COP29 \u00e0 Bakou, dont la finalisation de l&rsquo;Article 6 sur les march\u00e9s du carbone, les enjeux du financement climatique, et les d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Revue des r\u00e9sultats marquants de la COP29 \u00e0 Bakou, dont la finalisation de l&rsquo;Article 6 sur les march\u00e9s du carbone, les enjeux du financement climatique, et les d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-financement-climatique-combler-les-lacunes-persistantes\">Financement climatique : combler les lacunes persistantes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le financement climatique a \u00e9t\u00e9 au c\u0153ur des d\u00e9bats de la COP29. Les n\u00e9gociations ont port\u00e9 sur le Nouvel Objectif Quantifi\u00e9 Collectif (NCQG), destin\u00e9 \u00e0 remplacer l&rsquo;engagement annuel de 100 milliards de dollars arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9ch\u00e9ance en 2020. Les pays en d\u00e9veloppement ont exig\u00e9 au moins 1 300 milliards de dollars par an d&rsquo;ici 2035 pour r\u00e9pondre aux co\u00fbts croissants de l&rsquo;adaptation et de l&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation climatiques. Ils auront peut \u00eatre \u00e0 se partager 300 milliards de dollars annuels \u00e0 court terme, si tant est que les donateurs remplissent leurs engagements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 ces avanc\u00e9es modestes, l&rsquo;accord n&rsquo;a globalement pas r\u00e9pondu aux attentes exprim\u00e9es. Les m\u00e9canismes de financement propos\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9s pour leur manque de clart\u00e9 et l&rsquo;absence de garanties contraignantes visant \u00e0 mobiliser des ressources suffisantes des secteurs public et priv\u00e9. Les nations vuln\u00e9rables et les ONG ont exprim\u00e9 leur frustration face \u00e0 l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s syst\u00e9miques en mati\u00e8re de responsabilit\u00e9 climatique, insistant sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s de fournir un soutien robuste et transparent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-marches-du-carbone-des-garanties-face-a-la-controverse\">March\u00e9s du carbone : des garanties face \u00e0 la controverse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un r\u00e9sultat cl\u00e9 de la COP29 a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&rsquo;adoption tant attendue des r\u00e8gles de l&rsquo;Article 6, visant \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer les march\u00e9s du carbone et \u00e0 \u00e9viter les \u00e9cueils des syst\u00e8mes pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, comme celui du Protocole de Kyoto. Les march\u00e9s du carbone, sur le papier, promettent une efficacit\u00e9 accrue, permettant aux pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s de compenser leurs \u00e9missions en finan\u00e7ant des projets dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement. Toutefois, les scandales li\u00e9s \u00e0 des programmes frauduleux ou inefficaces ont suscit\u00e9 une forte m\u00e9fiance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces pr\u00e9occupations, l&rsquo;Article 6 introduit plusieurs garde-fous :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c9viter la double comptabilisation<\/strong> : Les pays vendeurs doivent d\u00e9duire les cr\u00e9dits \u00e9chang\u00e9s de leurs propres objectifs climatiques, garantissant que les r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions ne soient comptabilis\u00e9es qu&rsquo;une seule fois.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e9ductions r\u00e9elles des \u00e9missions<\/strong> : Selon l&rsquo;Article 6.4, 2 % des cr\u00e9dits g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par de nouveaux projets doivent \u00eatre mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9 pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions mondiales de mani\u00e8re tangible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Financement pour les nations vuln\u00e9rables<\/strong> : 5 % des revenus des transactions de l&rsquo;Article 6.4 iront au Fonds d&rsquo;adaptation des Nations Unies pour aider les pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 faire face aux impacts climatiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 ces mesures, des failles subsistent. Les critiques pointent le manque de contr\u00f4le contraignant, en particulier dans l&rsquo;Article 6.2, pour v\u00e9rifier l&rsquo;authenticit\u00e9 des r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions. Par ailleurs, le risque de cr\u00e9dits non additionnels reste pr\u00e9occupant, jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 900 millions de cr\u00e9dits issus du march\u00e9 du Protocole de Kyoto \u00e9tant \u00e9ligibles pour \u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9s dans le nouveau syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transition-energetique-progres-limites-et-frustrations-croissantes\">Transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique : progr\u00e8s limit\u00e9s et frustrations croissantes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, pilier de l&rsquo;action climatique, a enregistr\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es limit\u00e9es \u00e0 la COP29. Les discussions ont poursuivi les engagements de la COP28, o\u00f9 les pays avaient promis de r\u00e9duire progressivement l&rsquo;utilisation du charbon et des autres combustibles fossiles. \u00c0 Bakou, les n\u00e9gociateurs ont r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 ces engagements sans \u00e9tablir de calendriers ou de m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;application concrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette h\u00e9sitation refl\u00e8te la r\u00e9sistance des grands exportateurs de combustibles fossiles qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s&rsquo;opposer \u00e0 des contr\u00f4les plus stricts. Pendant ce temps, les petites nations et l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne ont plaid\u00e9 pour des mesures plus audacieuses, soulignant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 urgente d&rsquo;aligner les politiques \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques mondiales sur les objectifs climatiques. Les critiques soutiennent que les march\u00e9s du carbone, et le manque d&rsquo;objectifs port\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;abandon d&rsquo;\u00e9nergies fossiles , permettent in fine aux pollueurs d&rsquo;acheter des compensations au lieu de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions localement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La COP29 a marqu\u00e9 des progr\u00e8s, mais aussi des opportunit\u00e9s manqu\u00e9es dans l&rsquo;agenda climatique mondial. L&rsquo;adoption des r\u00e8gles de l&rsquo;Article 6 et les avanc\u00e9es modestes en mati\u00e8re de financement climatique d\u00e9montrent le potentiel de la coop\u00e9ration internationale. Cependant, les lacunes des m\u00e9canismes des march\u00e9s du carbone et la r\u00e9sistance persistante \u00e0 la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique soulignent les d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever pour traduire les ambitions en actions concr\u00e8tes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors que la communaut\u00e9 internationale se tourne vers la COP30, le format de ces n\u00e9gociations est \u00e0 bout de souffle. Place avant tout donc \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre. Une supervision plus stricte, une transparence accrue et un engagement collectif en faveur de la d\u00e9carbonation sont toutefois essentiels pour combler l&rsquo;\u00e9cart entre promesses et r\u00e9alit\u00e9s. Ksapa reste engag\u00e9 dans la conception et le d\u00e9ploiement de programmes \u00e9volutifs visant \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la d\u00e9carbonation tout en pla\u00e7ant la transition juste au c\u0153ur de ses approches :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ksapa travaille dans le cadre d&rsquo;un protocole d&rsquo;accord avec plusieurs gouvernements. Cela permet de concevoir et de d\u00e9ployer des programmes concrets qui acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent la d\u00e9carbonisation gr\u00e2ce au financement climatique, tout en tenant compte des int\u00e9r\u00eats et des perspectives des pays b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires, en \u00e9troite collaboration avec divers organismes publics nationaux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En outre, Ksapa organise et dirige des activit\u00e9s d&rsquo;engagement des parties prenantes, en utilisant des outils sp\u00e9cifiques pour s&rsquo;assurer que les franges les plus vuln\u00e9rables des communaut\u00e9s locales soient correctement prises en compte, afin d&rsquo;organiser des sch\u00e9mas territoriaux de transition juste.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enfin, Ksapa d\u00e9ploie une gamme de programmes destin\u00e9s \u00e0 stimuler la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus locaux, \u00e0 renforcer la r\u00e9silience et \u00e0 permettre aux acteurs locaux de s&rsquo;adapter aux nouvelles conditions climatiques locales. Tout le capital \u00e0 mobiliser ne peut pas provenir seulement de la finance internationale. Plus la finance climatique stimule une \u00e9conomie locale plus r\u00e9siliente et adapt\u00e9e aux contraintes climatiques, plus les pays b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires peuvent rendre la transition socialement acceptable, ce qui est l&rsquo;un des facteurs de succ\u00e8s d&rsquo;une transition climatique efficace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour en savoir plus : <a>contact@ksapa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo libre fournie par le site officiel COP 29 Media Gallery<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revue des r\u00e9sultats marquants de la COP29 \u00e0 Bakou, dont la finalisation de l&rsquo;Article 6 sur les march\u00e9s du carbone, les enjeux du financement climatique, et les d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Revue des avanc\u00e9es et controverses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2683,8,2690,10,2696,20],"tags":[2965,2799,406],"class_list":["post-9129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-changement-climatique","category-conseil-dadministration","category-deforestation","category-developpement-durable","category-finance-durable-esg","category-rse","tag-action-climatique","tag-biodiversite","tag-esg"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>COP29 Bakou : Bilan des d\u00e9cisions cl\u00e9s sur le climat 2024<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"COP29 Bakou : les avanc\u00e9es majeures sur les march\u00e9s carbone, le financement climatique et la transition 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