{"id":9136,"date":"2024-11-25T00:02:20","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T23:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/?p=9136"},"modified":"2025-01-18T00:09:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T23:09:14","slug":"un-guide-ocde-pour-une-action-climatique-que-les-cop-ne-clarifient-pas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/un-guide-ocde-pour-une-action-climatique-que-les-cop-ne-clarifient-pas\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide OCDE : Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l&rsquo;action climatique sans attendre les COP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-events.org\/oecd-forum-on-green-finance-and-investment-2024#bl-7d0b3f5b-c3a6-4b40-8749-390d707a7040\">Forum OCDE sur la Finance Verte et l\u2019Investissement 2024<\/a> a mis en \u00e9vidence que, malgr\u00e9 un leadership insuffisant attendu lors de la COP29, <a href=\"https:\/\/ksapa.org\/fr\/forum-sur-la-finance-et-linvestissement-verts-tendances-2024\/\">une clart\u00e9 accrue serait n\u00e9cessaire pour aider les investisseurs et entreprises \u00e0 avancer dans leur parcours climatique<\/a>. L\u2019OCDE a publi\u00e9 des orientations tr\u00e8s utiles. S\u2019appuyant sur le chapitre Environnement des Lignes directrices pour les entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des affaires, l\u2019OCDE a diffus\u00e9 un document strat\u00e9gique intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/responsible-business-conduct-for-climate-action_d098b352-en.html\">Conduite responsable des entreprises pour l\u2019action climatique : renforcer la contribution des entreprises aux objectifs climatiques<\/a> (en anglais).\u00a0\u00bb L\u2019objectif n\u2019est pas de cr\u00e9er une nouvelle norme ni de dupliquer les initiatives existantes. L\u2019OCDE vise \u00e0 fournir aux entreprises et investisseurs une boussole pour naviguer entre les attentes multiples, parfois conflictuelles, sur la mani\u00e8re de faire face \u00e0 la crise climatique. Voici un aper\u00e7u.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-des-entreprises-face-a-une-triple-crise-planetaire\">Des entreprises face \u00e0 une triple crise plan\u00e9taire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019OCDE identifie une \u201ctriple crise plan\u00e9taire\u201d \u2014 changement climatique, perte de biodiversit\u00e9 et pollution \u2014 comme un d\u00e9fi existentiel pour l\u2019humanit\u00e9. Les entreprises contribuent \u00e0 ces crises par leurs \u00e9missions et la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019environnement mais d\u00e9tiennent \u00e9galement des leviers pour les att\u00e9nuer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crises interconnect\u00e9es et responsabilit\u00e9 des entreprises<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Changement climatique<\/strong> : Les temp\u00e9ratures globales augmentant de 1,1\u00b0C par rapport aux niveaux pr\u00e9industriels, les \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques extr\u00eames aggravent le d\u00e9clin des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et les perturbations socio-\u00e9conomiques. Les entreprises, notamment les multinationales, jouent un r\u00f4le majeur dans les \u00e9missions mondiales de GES \u00e0 travers leurs op\u00e9rations et cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perte de biodiversit\u00e9 et pollution<\/strong> : Le changement climatique acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la perte de biodiversit\u00e9, r\u00e9duisant la capacit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer les impacts climatiques et \u00e0 s\u2019adapter aux conditions changeantes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les lignes directrices RBC de l\u2019OCDE offrent des outils, tels que le <a href=\"https:\/\/mneguidelines.oecd.org\/due-diligence-guidance-for-responsible-business-conduct.htm\">Guide de diligence raisonnable pour la conduite responsable des affaires<\/a>, permettant aux entreprises d\u2019identifier, att\u00e9nuer et rem\u00e9dier aux impacts environnementaux n\u00e9gatifs, y compris ceux li\u00e9s aux violations des droits humains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-principaux-facteurs-de-l-action-climatique-des-entreprises\">Principaux facteurs de l\u2019action climatique des entreprises<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les entreprises adoptent des actions climatiques en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 plusieurs pressions :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Attentes sociales<\/strong> : Les consommateurs et employ\u00e9s privil\u00e9gient les entreprises responsables en mati\u00e8re climatique, renfor\u00e7ant le besoin de transparence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e9glementations<\/strong> : Plus de 5 000 lois et politiques climatiques mondiales encouragent la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pressions des investisseurs<\/strong> : Des actionnaires exigent une gestion accrue des risques climatiques et une d\u00e9carbonisation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impacts financiers<\/strong> : Les entreprises font face \u00e0 des risques de transition et des risques climatiques physiques (dommages aux actifs, perturbations des cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les lignes directrices de l&rsquo;OCDE aident ainsi les entreprises \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces pressions, en mettant l&rsquo;accent sur des objectifs scientifiques, la transparence et l&rsquo;engagement des parties prenantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-exploiter-les-outils-de-l-ocde-pour-une-action-climatique-efficace\">Exploiter les outils de l\u2019OCDE pour une action climatique efficace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cadre de la <a href=\"https:\/\/mneguidelines.oecd.org\/duediligence\/\">Responsable Business Conduct (RBC)<\/a> de l\u2019OCDE fournit aux entreprises des outils pratiques pour int\u00e9grer les consid\u00e9rations climatiques dans leurs strat\u00e9gies, facilitant l\u2019att\u00e9nuation, l\u2019adaptation et l\u2019alignement avec les objectifs de transition juste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Outils et instruments pour l\u2019att\u00e9nuation climatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Objectifs bas\u00e9s sur la science<\/strong><br>Les lignes directrices de l\u2019OCDE recommandent aux entreprises de fixer des objectifs de r\u00e9duction des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) align\u00e9s sur l\u2019Accord de Paris et les derniers rapports du <strong>GIEC<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ces objectifs doivent inclure les \u00e9missions de <strong>Scope 1, 2 et 3<\/strong>, couvrant l\u2019ensemble de la cha\u00eene de valeur. Par exemple, les \u00e9missions financ\u00e9es (Scope 3) dans le secteur financier repr\u00e9sentent souvent plus de 99 % des \u00e9missions totales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019OCDE incite \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier les r\u00e9ductions \u00e0 la source plut\u00f4t que les m\u00e9canismes de compensation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transparence et plans de transition<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les entreprises doivent d\u00e9clarer leurs progr\u00e8s sur les objectifs de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions \u00e0 court, moyen et long terme, en utilisant des indicateurs standardis\u00e9s tels que ceux de la <strong>TCFD<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les plans de transition doivent s\u2019int\u00e9grer dans le cadre de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/oecd-guidance-on-transition-finance_7c68a1ee-en.html\">OCDE Transition Finance Guidance<\/a>, qui comprend des \u00e9tapes comme la fixation d\u2019objectifs interm\u00e9diaires et l\u2019adoption de cadres de gouvernance solides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adaptation et r\u00e9silience climatiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les entreprises sont encourag\u00e9es \u00e0 aller au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019att\u00e9nuation pour traiter les risques climatiques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mesures d\u2019adaptation<\/strong> : Investir dans des infrastructures r\u00e9silientes et diversifier les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement pour garantir la continuit\u00e9 des activit\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9viter les impacts n\u00e9gatifs<\/strong> : Les projets doivent \u00e9viter de nuire aux communaut\u00e9s locales, par exemple, en limitant les projets intensifs en eau dans les r\u00e9gions sujettes \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Engagement des parties prenantes et diligence raisonnable bas\u00e9e sur les risques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cadre RBC met enfin l\u2019accent sur une action climatique proactive et centr\u00e9e sur les parties prenantes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Collaboration avec les parties prenantes<\/strong><br>Un engagement significatif avec les parties prenantes affect\u00e9es (travailleurs, peuples autochtones, communaut\u00e9s) garantit que les actions climatiques r\u00e9pondent aux besoins soci\u00e9taux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Processus de diligence raisonnable<\/strong><br>L\u2019OCDE propose un cadre pour identifier, att\u00e9nuer et rem\u00e9dier aux risques climatiques sur l\u2019ensemble de la cha\u00eene de valeur, au-del\u00e0 des seuls fournisseurs de premier rang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Int\u00e9gration des objectifs climatiques dans une durabilit\u00e9 \u00e9largie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-approche-climatique-holistique\">Approche climatique holistique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019OCDE reconna\u00eet les liens entre les d\u00e9fis climatiques, la biodiversit\u00e9 et les droits humains, pr\u00f4nant ainsi une approche holistique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strat\u00e9gies climatiques globales<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c9quilibrer les objectifs environnementaux avec l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 socio-\u00e9conomique. Par exemple, \u00e9viter les conflits fonciers dans les projets d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Int\u00e9grer la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 pour obtenir des co-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, comme le stockage du carbone et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soutenir une transition juste<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Accompagnement des travailleurs<\/strong> : Requalification et red\u00e9ploiement tout en respectant les droits syndicaux des travailleurs impact\u00e9s par les mutations climatiques de leurs activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Engagement communautaire<\/strong> : Favoriser des mod\u00e8les comme les projets d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable d\u00e9tenus par les communaut\u00e9s, qui partagent les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9conomiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traiter les risques des cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les min\u00e9raux critiques pour les technologies d\u2019\u00e9nergie propre pr\u00e9sentent des d\u00e9fis environnementaux et en mati\u00e8re de droits humains. L\u2019OCDE recommande :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Approvisionnement responsable via des m\u00e9canismes de diligence raisonnable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adoption de principes d\u2019\u00e9conomie circulaire (recyclage, efficacit\u00e9 des ressources) pour r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance aux mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00e9rer les impacts cumulatifs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les actions climatiques, telles que le reboisement ou les solutions fond\u00e9es sur la nature (NbS), doivent \u00eatre planifi\u00e9es avec soin pour \u00e9viter des effets n\u00e9gatifs, comme les plantations de monocultures qui nuisent \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cadre RBC de l\u2019OCDE offre aux entreprises les outils n\u00e9cessaires pour aligner leurs op\u00e9rations sur les objectifs climatiques mondiaux tout en r\u00e9pondant aux d\u00e9fis de durabilit\u00e9. En appliquant ces principes, les entreprises peuvent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fixer des objectifs climatiques cr\u00e9dibles bas\u00e9s sur la science.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adopter des processus de diligence raisonnable proactifs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Garantir que les actions climatiques respectent les droits humains et les objectifs d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 sociale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ksapa, align\u00e9 sur les directives de l\u2019OCDE, utilise d\u00e9j\u00e0 ces outils pour connecter les enjeux climatiques et de durabilit\u00e9, offrant aux entreprises et investisseurs un accompagnement holistique et concret \u00e0 ses clients entreprises et investisseurs pour d\u00e9finir et d\u00e9ployer des d\u00e9marches de transition climatique juste.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En absence de clart\u00e9 pour les entreprises au travers des COP, l&rsquo;OCDE propose un guide structurant une action climatique efficace<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9144,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2683,8,2696,20],"tags":[2965,406],"class_list":["post-9136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-changement-climatique","category-conseil-dadministration","category-finance-durable-esg","category-rse","tag-action-climatique","tag-esg"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Guide OCDE : Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l&#039;action climatique sans attendre les COP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En absence de clart\u00e9 pour les entreprises au travers des COP, l&#039;OCDE propose un guide structurant une action climatique efficace\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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